Features of formation of the surface layer of steel under conditions of dry sliding friction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/mom2025.03.013Keywords:
steel, chemical composition, carbon, copper, surface layer, friction, spectrumAbstract
The task of modern tribomaterials science is to create materials with high performance characteristics, sufficient for operation in wear conditions with increased reliability and durability. A hypereutectoid wear-resistant steel microalloyed with vanadium and nitrogen and additionally alloyed with copper has been developed. Samples of the experimental steel were tested on a friction machine model M22M under dry sliding friction conditions to determine wear resistance. The test results showed that the wear intensity for the experimental steel is -0.20 g/km, this figure is one third lower compared to the base unalloyed hypereutectoid steel.
. The obtained results are explained by the fact that microadditives of vanadium and nitrogen, due to dispersion nitride vanadium strengthening, increase the wear resistance of steel under conditions of dry sliding friction, and the increased content of carbon and copper in the surface layer of the steel sample plays the role of a solid lubricant, providing a lubricating effect, additionally increasing wear resistance. The thin surface layer of steel samples after friction on a friction machine was examined on an Auger X-ray spectral microanalyzer to a depth of 200 nm. Auger spectrograms were recorded and a depth profile was constructed after ion etching with argon ions of the experimental steel samples before friction and after friction.A comparative analysis was conducted, it was found that on the surface of the sample after friction, the copper phase reaches maximum values 5-7 times higher than before friction (10-15 at.%), this layer has a size of 8 nm and is formed due to the diffusion mobility of copper to the surface of the sample during wear processes. Also, on the surface of the sample after friction, the carbon content is increased by 2.5 times than before friction due to the diffusion mobility of carbon along the friction layer, the mechanism of carbon separation in the form of graphite, as well as the diffusion movement of carbon from the matrix with the assistance of local ultra-high temperatures in the friction zone. Therefore, microalloying of the experimental hypereutectoid steel with nitrogen and vanadium and additional alloying with copper leads to a decrease in friction pair wear, an increase in the durability and reliability of the friction pair.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Yu. G. Kvasnitska, S. G. Grigorenko, S. Ya. Shipitsyn, V. G. Novitskyi, N. V. Kiryakova, I. V. Oleksenko
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